With some exceptions, the move effectively blocks Turks from travel to the United States, and vice versa, indefinitely.
"Recent events have forced the United States government to reassess the commitment of government of Turkey to the security of US mission and personnel," the statement by the US mission in Ankara said.
Just 24 hours after the announcement by the United States, Turkey retaliated through its embassy in Washington, issuing a statement that effectively mirrors the one released by the United States -- only the countries' names were reversed.
"Recent events have forced Turkish Government to reassess the commitment of the Government of the United States to the security of Turkish Mission facilities and personnel."
The Turkish embassy said the measure, effective immediately, would "apply to visas in passports as well as e-Visas and visas acquired at the border."
The US move, meanwhile, means that Turks will not be issued visas to visit the United States unless they plan to move there.
Access blocked
When CNN attempted to access the e-visa process through the Turkish government's visa application website, a message denying eligibility appeared.
"Unfortunately, nationals of the country that you selected are not eligible for e-Visa. Kindly visit the nearest Turkish mission to apply for a visa application."
The message added a link for a list of Turkish embassies and consulates.
The majority of US nationals visiting Turkey buy their visas at the border, usually at international airports such as Istanbul's Ataturk Airport.
Turkey is not part of the US visa waiver program; Turkish nationals are required to apply for a non-immigrant visa through US missions.
Non-immigrant visas include those for business, tourism and study, as well as more specialist visas, including journalist and diplomatic visas.
The US Department of State had no updated information regarding Turkish visa applications, and appeared to still be offering interviews for visa applicants.
The US' National and Tourist Office doesn't provide a breakdown of the total number of Turkish visitors to the US on its website.
Direct flights to the US from Turkish cities remained purchasable from Turkish airlines; there are no US carriers that fly direct to Turkey.
'Deeply disturbed'
He was remanded in custody over "terror charges" by an Istanbul court last week, state media Anadolu said. Topuz is the second US government employee in Turkey to be arrested this year.
Turkey, a NATO member, has pushed for the United States to extradite Gulen, who it blames for last summer's failed coup, although Gulen himself denies any involvement.
Read More: United States and Turkey mutually suspend visa services